Posted on 17th Apr 2009 @ 6:22 PM




| Vitamin D Deficiency - A Common Problem in all Age Groups Vitamin D is not really a vitamin because it is synthesized by the skin following exposure to sunlight. Synthesis of vitamin D depends upon a wide number of factors including the type of ultraviolet light as well as the intensity, duration of exposure, skin pigmentation, age, altitude, latitude, hour of day and time of year. Vitamin D deficiency is widespread across all population groups. Most physicians recognize that the elderly population is at risk, however it is less appreciated that children, young adults and middle age groups are also at risk of being deficient. Studies have shown that children in areas ranging from Madrid, Spain to Maine, New York were approximately 50% deficit in vitamin D in the winter months. Apart from those who live in equilateral regions, most people do not synthesize sufficient amounts of vitamin D. For instance, in Edmonton, which is 52N, vitamin D synthesis is impaired from October through to March. |
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| Vitamin D for Children The most well known role of vitamin D is its involvement in maintaining healthy bones. In children, vitamin D is essential for the proper growth and development of bones, and deficiency can result in rickets. Vitamin D is critical for bone health because it is required for the efficient utilization of dietary calcium. If vitamin D levels are too low, the body will begin to break down the bones to access calcium stores. Research has shown that vitamin D supplementation early in life leads to higher bone mineral density (BMD) at 7-9 years of age, and that adolescents with low vitamin D levels have lower BMD. Vitamin D is also important in the function of muscles. Research has shown that young girls (12-14 years old) with higher vitamin D levels demonstrate greater muscle power than those with lower levels. Vitamin D supplementation is also important during pregnancy and at very young ages, as inadequate vitamin D levels early in life have been associated with an increased risk of autoimmune disorders like multiple sclerosis, breathing disorders and type 1 diabetes later in life. For example, infants receiving 2000IU of vitamin D in the first year of life were 80% less likely to develop type 1 diabetes. There may also be a link between vitamin D and autism, as autism is much more prevalent in areas of low sunlight. Vitamin D has also been shown to play a role in immunity, and may help to prevent placental infections during pregnancy. Vitamin D for Adults Vitamin D plays an important role in bone health at all ages. In adults and older individuals, vitamin D deficiency results in osteomalacia (a softening of the bones) and can lead to osteopenia and osteoporosis. In adults, supplementation with 800IU of vitamin D has been linked to a 26% reduction of hip fractures and a 23% reduction in non-vertebral fractures. Muscle weakness, pain and changes in gait have also been described in vitamin D insufficiency. This may be the reason that the elderly have more falls and consequently increased fracture rates. Vitamin D has been associated with increased hypertension, increased auto-immune diseases and various forms of cancer including breast, prostate and skin. Low Vitamin D is associated with chronic pain, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), poor immune system, diabetes, seasonally affective disorders and even an increased risk of mortality by all causes. Studies also suggest that vitamin D has important immunological and antibacterial effects, and may be important for preventing infections and even the common cold. Vitamin D3 in a Liquid Form With such a range of effects on health, getting an adequate amount of vitamin D is essential for people of all ages. AOR's new liquid vitamin D3 is available in both adult and children's formulas. The convenient liquid formulation is easily absorbed and is ideal for children and other individuals who have difficulty swallowing capsules. The calibrated dropper ensures accurate doses. Liquid vitamin D3 uses medium-chain triglyceride oil from coconut, which has a neutral flavor and minimizes the risk of allergies. References: Cauley JA, LaCroix AZ, Wu L, Horwitz M, Danielson ME, Bauer DC, Lee JS, Jackson RD, Robbins JA, Wu C, Stanczyk FZ, LeBoff MS, Wactawski-Wende J, Sarto G, Ockene J, Cummings SR. Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Risk for Hip Fractures. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149(4):242-250. Melamed ML, Michos ED, Post W, Astor B. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and the Risk of Mortality in the General Population. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(15):1629-1637. Thomas J. Wang, Michael J. Pencina, Sarah L. Booth, Paul F. Jacques, Erik Ingelsson, Katherine Lanier, Emelia J. Benjamin, Ralph B. DAgostino, Myles Wolf and Ramachandran S. Vasan. Vitamin D Deficiency and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease. Circulation published online Jan 7, 2008. Lappe JM, Travers-Gustafson D, Davies KM, Recker RR, Heaney RP. Vitamin D and calcium supplementation reduces cancer risk: results of a randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Jun;85(6):1586-91. Ward LM, Gaboury I, Ladhani M, Zlotkin S. Vitamin D-deficiency rickets among children in Canada. CMAJ. 2007 Jun 28. Bailey R, Cooper JD, Zeitels L, Smyth DJ, Yang JH, Walker NM, Hyppönen E, Dunger DB, Ramos-Lopez E, Badenhoop K, Nejentsev S, Todd JA. Association of the vitamin D metabolism gene CYP27B1 with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes. 2007 Jul 2. Ginde AA, Mansbach JM, Camargo CA. Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and upper respiratory tract infection in the third national health and nutrition examination survey. Arch Intern Med. 2009; 169(4): 384-390. K.A. Ward, G. Das, J.L. Berry, S.A. Roberts, R. Rawer, J.E. Adams, Z. Mughal. "Vitamin D Status and Muscle Function in Post-Menarchal Adolescent Girls." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2009 Feb;94(2):559-63. Liu N, Kaplan AT, Low J, Nguyen L, Liu GY, Equils O and Hewison M. Vitamin D induces innate antibacterial responses in human trophoblasts via an intracrine pathway. Biology of Reproduction. Published online November 12, 2008. Svoren BM, Volkenning LK, Wood JR, Laffel LMB. Significant Vitamin D Deficiency in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Pediatrics. 2009; 154(1): 132-134. |
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